How to use metaphors in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): a view from Relational Frame Theory (RFT)

Abstract

A considerable part of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions involves the use of metaphors. According to Relational Frame Theory (RFT), metaphors can be understood as arbitrarily applicable relational responses that involve the establishment of a relation of coordination (equivalence) between relations (e.g., A:B = C:D), in order to transform the function of one of the related events (e.g., being A a reinforcing event, B, C and D can be derived reinforcements if the relationship between them is of similarity). This article aims to present an analysis of metaphors widely disseminated in ACT, drawing on concepts provided by RFT. Based on the model used by Foody et al. (2014), we analyzed five ACT metaphors with different types of therapeutic goals, involving processes such as defusion, acceptance, self-as-context, among others. Finally, the paper presents: (1) the use of complex metaphors, composed of multiple relations; (2) the adaptation of metaphors from a functional perspective; (3) a few didactic exercises to guide the reader’s repertoire in the refinement of clinical skills that involve the use of metaphors in ACT.